Korea leads in early literacy and numeracy, but gaps persist globally
A new study has revealed stark differences in early childhood development across countries. Researchers examined literacy, numeracy, and social-emotional skills in five-year-olds, with Korea topping the rankings in key areas. The findings also highlight a persistent gap linked to family income and background. Korean children scored the highest globally in combined literacy and numeracy, reaching 545 points. Britain followed in second place with 525 points, while Azerbaijan ranked third at 501. The Netherlands trailed slightly behind, scoring 493 points in the same measure.
In social and emotional development, Britain led with 511 points. The United Arab Emirates and Malta both achieved 507 points, placing them just behind. Korean children ranked fifth in this category, tying with Azerbaijan at 501 points. The study also found that girls consistently outperformed boys in social and emotional skills. Additionally, parental socioeconomic status played a significant role in shaping child development outcomes. To address these disparities, the OECD suggested practical steps for parents. These include reading books regularly, engaging in number-based play, and arranging frequent playdates for young children.
The results underscore the influence of both country and family background on early learning. Korea’s top performance in literacy and numeracy contrasts with Britain’s strength in social-emotional growth. Meanwhile, the OECD’s recommendations aim to help close the gap for children from less advantaged homes.
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