Nova Scotia's cannabis crackdown sparks clash with Indigenous self-governance
Nova Scotia has intensified its efforts to shut down illegal cannabis shops across the province. The crackdown, ordered in December 2022, targets at least 118 unlicensed stores—both on and off First Nations reserves. Officials claim the move protects public health and safety, though critics argue it unfairly impacts Indigenous communities.
The provincial government's directive came after Justice Minister Scott Armstrong linked illegal cannabis sales to human trafficking in a December 4, 2022, statement. However, both Halifax Regional Police and Nova Scotia RCMP later confirmed they had found no evidence supporting such a connection. Federal Justice Minister Sean Fraser also stated he was unaware of any ties between cannabis and human trafficking in Canada.
Premier Tim Houston raised concerns about potential contamination, warning that illegal cannabis could contain fentanyl. He cited discussions with law enforcement as the basis for his claim. Yet, police reports indicate no fentanyl has been detected in seized illegal cannabis products. Nova Scotia's chief medical officer, Dr. Robert Strang, has separately warned of broader health risks from unregulated cannabis, including unknown potency and contaminants.
The crackdown has drawn criticism for disproportionately affecting First Nations communities. Thirteen Mi'kmaq communities, including Membertou, Eskasoni, and Millbrook, are officially recognised as impacted by the 118 illegal shops. In response, these communities have begun enforcing stricter licensing rules, conducting compliance checks, and working with provincial authorities to regulate their own cannabis sales. Their goal is to shut down illegal operations while maintaining control over legal outlets.
Police enforcement has ramped up since the order, with raids and closures targeting unlicensed stores. The government maintains the crackdown is necessary to prevent youth access, organised crime involvement, and public health risks. However, Indigenous leaders argue the approach overlooks their efforts to self-regulate and address the issue independently.
The province's push to close illegal cannabis shops continues, with 118 locations identified so far. While authorities insist the measures are for public safety, First Nations communities are taking their own steps to enforce compliance. The dispute highlights ongoing tensions between provincial regulations and Indigenous self-governance over cannabis sales.
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