Increased screenings among younger individuals reveal earlier detection of colon cancer. Discover strategies to minimize your risk.
Rising Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults: A Complex Issue Under Investigation
A significant increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases among younger adults has been observed, prompting public health experts to urge early screening and increased awareness of the disease's warning signs.
In 2023, research conducted by the American Cancer Society found that the share of US adults ages 45 to 49 who are up to date on colorectal cancer screening climbed to 33.7%. However, more than one in three adults 45 and older are still not getting screened as recommended, according to the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable.
The lowered screening age, which was recently updated to 45 by the US Preventive Services Task Force, is associated with a recent increase in early-stage colorectal cancer diagnoses. A second study conducted by the American Cancer Society found that the prevalence of early-stage colorectal cancer diagnoses among adults 45 to 49 increased from 9.4 cases per 100,000 people in 2019 to 17.5 per 100,000 in 2022, representing a 50% relative increase.
While the lowered screening age partly explains increased detection in younger adults, the rise in colorectal cancer incidence before widespread screening remains under investigation. Ongoing research is focused on diet, lifestyle, environmental exposures, and genetics.
Diets high in processed or smoked meats and ultra-processed foods, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are considered potential risk factors. Emerging research is also looking into gut exposures such as microplastics and other novel environmental factors introduced in the latter half of the 20th century.
Genetics are implicated in colorectal cancer, but they alone do not explain the rise. The interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental/lifestyle factors is a focus of study. The exact drivers of rising CRC incidence in younger populations remain largely unknown, indicating multifactorial causes and complexity.
Maintaining a physically active lifestyle and a healthy weight can help reduce the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer. People who experience symptoms that persist for several weeks should schedule a doctor's visit. Symptoms may include rectal bleeding, abdominal cramping or pain, and changes in bowel habits or the shape of stool.
If concerns about colorectal cancer symptoms are not addressed by one doctor, seeking a second opinion is recommended. Options for colorectal cancer screening include a stool-based fecal test, colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or sigmoidoscopy.
Young people are often reluctant to discuss symptoms of colorectal cancer, but doing so could potentially save their life. Automatically mailing fecal test kits to people newly eligible for screening increases the likelihood of them completing the screening.
Despite the challenges, more than half of all colorectal cancers in the US are attributable to modifiable risk factors. Avoiding tobacco, refined grains, and sugary beverages and instead focusing on a fiber-rich diet that is more plant-based and limits the consumption of red and processed meats may be protective to colon health.
As research continues, it is crucial to raise awareness and encourage early screening for colorectal cancer. By understanding the risk factors and symptoms, we can empower individuals to take control of their health and potentially reduce the incidence of this disease.
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